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Batch Data Communication in SAP ABAP

WHAT is BDC in SAP ABAP AND Explain it in program Language ?

Vibhavari Saraf's photo
Vibhavari Saraf
·

5 min read

BDC MEANS Batch Data Communications ,not batch data conversion. moreover, it was renamed Batch Input at least 20 year ago (the term bdc is still widely used through ).

i am gonna discussed the SAP DATA Migration tools mainly BDC (Batch Data Communication ) to export data non-SAP Environment To SAP ERP.

I will create BDC Upload Program for Cheque with payment doc.i-e; the bdc program for transaction code FCH5 -create check.

i will discussed and Write abap code for BDC Cration using two method .

1 Online / batch time data upload

2 session /batch data upload (Using t-code SM35).

Defination :-

1 Online /Real Time Data Upload :-

The Error Handling is Explicit : means you have to write abap code to collect errors generated for each records at the time of program Execute for analysis using message t001.

2 Session Method Data Upload (Using t-code SM35)

The Error Handling is implicit : means you dont have to Collect the Error messages for Record ,as it was already get Created When Batch (Created) is Executed from SM35 .AND You Can analyze the errors for Batch Over There.

1 online /real time data upload .

1 Declare structure/internal table / work area for file format .

2 call function module 'GUI _UPLOAD'

3 Assign Internal Table 'IT_FILE' in Function module , to collect file data in it.

4 Declare Internal table / Work Area for BDCDATA

1- Online/Real time Data Upload.

Below are the ABAP coding steps for BDC creation usingOnline/Real time Data Upload.,

1- Declare Structure/Internal Table/Work Area for File Format.

2- Call Function module**'GUI_Upload'**
3- Assign Internal Table 'IT_FILE' in Function Module, to collect file data in it.

4- Declare Internal table / Work Area forBDCDATA(from Std Structure in SAP)
5- ClearWA_BDCDATAand assignSCREEN PROGRAM,SCREEN NUMBERandDYNBEGIN which you can extract using recording fromt-code: SHDB.
6- ClearWA_BDCDATAAgain and AssignFIELDNAMEandFIELDVALUEin it fromWork Area field**'WA_FILE- Field'andAPPENDto'IT_BDCDATA'for all fields.
7- Then call transaction from syntax
Use Syntax <CALL TRANSACTION'FCH5'** USING IT_BDCDATA MODE V_MODE
MESSAGES INTO IT_BDCMSGCOLL.>

- REFRESHIT_BDCDATA.

The possible values forV_MODEwill be,

A- DISPLAY ALL SCREENS

E- DISPLAY ERRORS

N - NO SCREENS

Below is the Screen shot explaining the above logic for BDC to collect data from external file and insert in to SAP Table using pertaining T- Code.

Error Message Handling

As discussed above, in BDC creation usingOnline/Real time Processing the error handling is explicit. Below is the logical Steps to create ABAP Code for error Messages in SAP

1-Error Message Handling

< LOOP ATIT_BDCMSGCOLLINTOWA_BDCMSGCOLL.
ENDLOOP. >

a- Type Manual Code inside Loop for Error Using Message tableT001for Message Type and Message NumberfromIT_BDCMSGCOLL.

b- Call Functional Module <CALL FUNCTION**'FORMAT_MESSAGE**'.>

OR
c- Using Method (Class) <Cl_demo_output=>display(it_bdcmsgcoll)>.

2- Session Method Data Upload (using t-code SM35)

Session Method and Call Transaction Method both works on same Principle i-e; Via Screens & Screens Fields Repeatedly.

Session is like Folder in which we collect data from file then execute/ upload it to SAP data base via Batch Input Method using t-Code SM35.

There are three steps to upload data through BDC Session Method, those are,

  • Create Session – calling Function Module‘BDC_OPEN_GROUP’you open session.
  • Insert Data - in Session fromIT_BDCDATAusing Function Module‘BDC_INSERTto insert Screens, Fields and Values.
  • Close Session – using Function Module**‘BDC_CLOSE_GROUP’.

At Last, you execute the SESSION from t***-code SM35,***as discussed before all the error log are saved by the session, no need to write code.

ABAP Code for the Reference.

Below is the ABAP BDC Code for reference using example fort-code :FCH5 -Cheque Creation

Types: BEGIN OF TY_FILE,
VBLNR TYPE PAYR-VBLNR, "PAYMENT DOC NO
ZBUKR TYPE PAYR-ZBUKR, "COMPANY CODE
GJAHR TYPE PAYR-GJAHR, "FISCAL YEAR
HBKID TYPE PAYR-HBKID, "HOUSE BANK
HKTID TYPE PAYR-HKTID, "ACCOUNT ID
CHECT TYPE PAYR-CHECT, "CHECK NUMBER
END OF TY_FILE.

DATA : IT_FILE TYPE TABLE OF TY_FILE,
WA_FILE TYPE TY_FILE.

DATA : IT_BDCDATA TYPE TABLE OF BDCDATA,
WA_BDCDATA TYPE BDCDATA.

DATA : IT_BDCMSGCOLL TYPE TABLE OF BDCMSGCOLL,
WA_BDCMSGCOLL TYPE BDCMSGCOLL.

DATA V_RWBTR TYPE WRBTR.

DATA V_FILE TYPE STRING.

DATA : V_MODE(1) TYPE C. " A - DISPLAY ALL SCREENS
" E - DISPLAY ERRORS
" N - NO SCREENS
DATA : V_MSG_TXT(100) TYPE C.

*******************************************************
* SELECTION SCREEN
*******************************************************

SELECTION-SCREEN: BEGIN OF BLOCK B1 WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-000.

PARAMETERS: P_FILE TYPE IBIPPARMS-PATH.

SELECTION-SCREEN: END OF BLOCK B1.

SELECTION-SCREEN: BEGIN OF BLOCK B4 WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-004.

PARAMETERS: V_BOX1 AS CHECKBOX.

SELECTION-SCREEN: END OF BLOCK B4.

SELECTION-SCREEN: BEGIN OF BLOCK B2 WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-001.

PARAMETERS: RB_A RADIOBUTTON GROUP G2
, RB_E RADIOBUTTON GROUP G2
, RB_N RADIOBUTTON GROUP G2
.
SELECTION-SCREEN: END OF BLOCK B2.

SELECTION-SCREEN: BEGIN OF BLOCK B3 WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-002.

PARAMETERS: P_SNAME(12) TYPE C.

SELECTION-SCREEN: END OF BLOCK B3.

*INITIALIZATION.
* LOOP AT SCREEN.
* IF SCREEN-NAME ='P_SNAME'.
* SCREEN-INPUT = 0.
* MODIFY SCREEN.
* ENDIF.
* ENDLOOP.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR P_FILE.

PERFORM F4_FILENAME.

*******************************************************
* AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT
*******************************************************

AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT.

IF V_BOX1 = 'X'.
LOOP AT SCREEN.
IF SCREEN-NAME ='RB_A' OR
SCREEN-NAME ='RB_E' OR
SCREEN-NAME ='RB_N' .
SCREEN-INPUT = 0.
MODIFY SCREEN.
ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.
ELSE.
LOOP AT SCREEN.
IF SCREEN-NAME ='P_SNAME'.
SCREEN-INPUT = 0.
MODIFY SCREEN.
ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.
ENDIF.

*********************************************************
*RAIO BUTTONS PROGRAMING FOR V_MODE " A - DISPLAY ALL SCREENS
" E - DISPLAY ERRORS
" N - NO SCREENS

*******************************************************
* START-OF-SELECTION
*******************************************************

START-OF-SELECTION.
IF RB_A = 'X'.
V_MODE = 'A'.
ELSEIF RB_E = 'X' .
V_MODE = 'E'.
ELSEIF RB_N = 'X'.
V_MODE = 'N'.
ENDIF.

*******************************************************
* UPLOAD FILE
*******************************************************

V_FILE = P_FILE.
IF V_FILE IS NOT INITIAL.

CALL FUNCTION 'GUI_UPLOAD'
EXPORTING
FILENAME = V_FILE
* FILETYPE = 'ASC'
HAS_FIELD_SEPARATOR = 'X'
* HEADER_LENGTH = 0
* READ_BY_LINE = 'X'
* DAT_MODE = ' '
* CODEPAGE = ' '
* IGNORE_CERR = ABAP_TRUE
* REPLACEMENT = '#'
* CHECK_BOM = ' '
* VIRUS_SCAN_PROFILE =
* NO_AUTH_CHECK = ' '
* IMPORTING
* FILELENGTH =
* HEADER =
TABLES
DATA_TAB = IT_FILE
* CHANGING
* ISSCANPERFORMED = ' '
EXCEPTIONS
FILE_OPEN_ERROR = 1
FILE_READ_ERROR = 2
NO_BATCH = 3
GUI_REFUSE_FILETRANSFER = 4
INVALID_TYPE = 5
NO_AUTHORITY = 6
UNKNOWN_ERROR = 7
BAD_DATA_FORMAT = 8
HEADER_NOT_ALLOWED = 9
SEPARATOR_NOT_ALLOWED = 10
HEADER_TOO_LONG = 11
UNKNOWN_DP_ERROR = 12
ACCESS_DENIED = 13
DP_OUT_OF_MEMORY = 14
DISK_FULL = 15
DP_TIMEOUT = 16
OTHERS = 17.

IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
*****
*****CASE SY-SUBRC.
***** WHEN 5.
***** MESSAGE 'INVALID_TYPE ' TYPE 'E'.
***** WHEN OTHERS.
***** MESSAGE 'ERROR' TYPE 'E'.
*****ENDCASE.
*****
*****ELSE.
MESSAGE 'FILE SUCCESSFUL UPLOADED' TYPE 'I'.

ENDIF.

********************************************************
* BDC PROGRAM CALL - SESSION METHOD
********************************************************

IF V_BOX1 = 'X'.

CALL FUNCTION 'BDC_OPEN_GROUP'
EXPORTING
* CLIENT = SY-MANDT
* DEST = FILLER8
GROUP = P_SNAME
* HOLDDATE = FILLER8
KEEP = 'X' "TO KEEP SUCCESSFULLY PROCESSED SESSION.
USER = SY-UNAME
* RECORD = FILLER1
* PROG = SY-CPROG
* DCPFM = '%'
* DATFM = '%'
* IMPORTING
* QID =
* EXCEPTIONS
* CLIENT_INVALID = 1
* DESTINATION_INVALID = 2
* GROUP_INVALID = 3
* GROUP_IS_LOCKED = 4
* HOLDDATE_INVALID = 5
* INTERNAL_ERROR = 6
* QUEUE_ERROR = 7
* RUNNING = 8
* SYSTEM_LOCK_ERROR = 9
* USER_INVALID = 10
* OTHERS = 11
.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
* Implement suitable error handling here
ENDIF.

LOOP AT IT_FILE INTO WA_FILE.

SELECT SINGLE WRBTR INTO V_RWBTR FROM BSEG
WHERE BELNR = WA_FILE-VBLNR.

PERFORM BDC_DYNPRO USING 'SAPMFCHK' '0500'.
PERFORM BDC_FIELD USING 'PAYR-VBLNR' WA_FILE-VBLNR.
PERFORM BDC_FIELD USING 'PAYR-ZBUKR' WA_FILE-ZBUKR.
PERFORM BDC_FIELD USING 'PAYR-GJAHR' WA_FILE-GJAHR.
PERFORM BDC_FIELD USING 'PAYR-HBKID' WA_FILE-HKTID.
PERFORM BDC_FIELD USING 'PAYR-CHECT' WA_FILE-CHECT.
PERFORM BDC_FIELD USING 'PAYR-CHECT' WA_FILE-CHECT.

* *************************************************
PERFORM BDC_DYNPRO USING 'SAPMFCHK' '0501'.
PERFORM BDC_FIELD USING 'PAYR-RWBTR' V_RWBTR.
PERFORM BDC_FIELD USING 'BDC_OKCODE' '=UPDA'.

* *************************************************
* REFRESH IT_BDCDATA.

ENDLOOP.
* *********************************************************
* FUNCTIONAL MODULE TO INSERT DATA
* *********************************************************

CALL FUNCTION 'BDC_INSERT'
EXPORTING
TCODE = 'FCH5'
* POST_LOCAL = NOVBLOCAL
* PRINTING = NOPRINT
* SIMUBATCH = ' '
* CTUPARAMS = ' '
TABLES
DYNPROTAB = IT_BDCDATA
* EXCEPTIONS
* INTERNAL_ERROR = 1
* NOT_OPEN = 2
* QUEUE_ERROR = 3
* TCODE_INVALID = 4
* PRINTING_INVALID = 5
* POSTING_INVALID = 6
* OTHERS = 7
.
IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
MESSAGE 'SESSION SUCCESSFUL CREATED' TYPE 'I'.
ENDIF.

CALL FUNCTION 'BDC_CLOSE_GROUP'
* EXCEPTIONS
* NOT_OPEN = 1
* QUEUE_ERROR = 2
* OTHERS = 3
.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
* MESSAGE 'SESSION & CREATED SUCCESSFULLY' TYPE 'I'.
ENDIF.

ELSE.

*******************************************************
* BDC PROGRAM CALL - NORMAL METHOD
*******************************************************

LOOP AT IT_FILE INTO WA_FILE.

SELECT SINGLE WRBTR INTO V_RWBTR FROM BSEG
WHERE BELNR = WA_FILE-VBLNR.

* SAPMFCHK,0500,X,
* PAYR-VBLNR = WA_FILE-VBLNR,
* PAYR-ZBUKR = WA_FILE-ZBUKR,
* PAYR-GJAHR = WA_FILE-GJAHR,
* PAYR-HBKID = WA_FILE-HBKID,
* PAYR-HKTID = WA_FILE-HKTID,
* PAYR-CHECT = WA_FILE-CHECT.
*
* SAPMFCHK,0501,X
* PAYR-RWBTR = V_RWBTR.
* *************************************************
PERFORM BDC_DYNPRO USING 'SAPMFCHK' '0500'.
PERFORM BDC_FIELD USING 'PAYR-VBLNR' WA_FILE-VBLNR.
PERFORM BDC_FIELD USING 'PAYR-ZBUKR' WA_FILE-ZBUKR.
PERFORM BDC_FIELD USING 'PAYR-GJAHR' WA_FILE-GJAHR.
PERFORM BDC_FIELD USING 'PAYR-HBKID' WA_FILE-HKTID.
PERFORM BDC_FIELD USING 'PAYR-CHECT' WA_FILE-CHECT.
PERFORM BDC_FIELD USING 'PAYR-CHECT' WA_FILE-CHECT.

* *************************************************
PERFORM BDC_DYNPRO USING 'SAPMFCHK' '0501'.
PERFORM BDC_FIELD USING 'PAYR-RWBTR' V_RWBTR.
PERFORM BDC_FIELD USING 'BDC_OKCODE' '=UPDA'.

* *************************************************

CALL TRANSACTION 'FCH5' USING IT_BDCDATA MODE V_MODE
MESSAGES INTO IT_BDCMSGCOLL. " A - DISPLAY ALL SCREENS
REFRESH IT_BDCDATA. " E - DISPLAY ERRORS
" N - NO SCREENS
* ERROR MESSAGE HANDLING****IF_'N'**********************************************************

* IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
* WRITE : / 'CHEQUE',WA_FILE-CHECT,'FOR PAYT DOC',WA_FILE-VBLNR,'IS ASSIGNED.' COLOR 1.
* ELSE.
* WRITE : / 'CHEQUE',WA_FILE-CHECT,'TO PAYT DOC',WA_FILE-VBLNR,'IS NOT ASSIGNED.' COLOR 3.
* ENDIF.

ENDLOOP.

* ERROR HANDLING USING FM 'FORMAT_MESSAGE'*************************************************

LOOP AT IT_BDCMSGCOLL INTO WA_BDCMSGCOLL.
CALL FUNCTION 'FORMAT_MESSAGE'
EXPORTING
ID = SY-MSGID
LANG = '-D'
NO = SY-MSGNO
V1 = SY-MSGV1
V2 = SY-MSGV2
V3 = SY-MSGV3
V4 = SY-MSGV4
IMPORTING
MSG = V_MSG_TXT
EXCEPTIONS
NOT_FOUND = 1
OTHERS = 2
.
IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
WRITE: / V_MSG_TXT COLOR 2.
ENDIF.

ENDLOOP.
ENDIF.
ELSE.
MESSAGE 'FILE PATH NOT FOUND' TYPE 'E'.
ENDIF.

***ERROR HANDLING USING METHOD/CLASS 'FORMAT_MESSAGE'***

**LOOP AT IT_BDCMSGCOLL INTO WA_BDCMSGCOLL.
**Cl_demo_output+>display(it_bdcmsgcoll).
**
**ENDLOOP.

INCLUDE ZFCH5_CHECK_DYNPRO.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Include ZFCH5_CHECK_DYNPRO
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM BDC_FIELD USING FP_FNAM FP_FVAL.
CLEAR WA_BDCDATA.
WA_BDCDATA-FNAM = FP_FNAM.
WA_BDCDATA-FVAL = FP_FVAL.
APPEND WA_BDCDATA TO IT_BDCDATA.
ENDFORM.

INCLUDE ZFCH5_CHECK_FIELDS.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Include ZFCH5_CHECK_FIELDS
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM BDC_DYNPRO USING FP_PROG FP_DYNPRO.
CLEAR WA_BDCDATA.
WA_BDCDATA-PROGRAM = FP_PROG.
WA_BDCDATA-DYNPRO = FP_DYNPRO.
WA_BDCDATA-DYNBEGIN = 'X'. "NEW SCREEN
APPEND WA_BDCDATA TO IT_BDCDATA.
ENDFORM.

INCLUDE Z_F4_FILENAME.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Include Z_F4_FILENAME
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM F4_FILENAME.
CALL FUNCTION 'F4_FILENAME'
EXPORTING
PROGRAM_NAME = SYST-CPROG
DYNPRO_NUMBER = SYST-DYNNR
FIELD_NAME = 'P_FILE'
IMPORTING
FILE_NAME = P_FILE
.
ENDFORM.

bdc in sap abap SAP